Math

Percentage calculator for X% of Y, percent change, discounts, tips, tax, and reverse percentages. Get clear answers with formulas instantly.

Expanded form calculator that breaks whole numbers, decimals, and negatives into place value parts. Learn number decomposition with instant results.

Expanding logarithms calculator for product, quotient, and power rules with ln, common log, or custom bases. See symbolic steps and numeric values.

Exponent calculator for powers such as b^n with real bases and exponents. Get instant results, including 0^0 by convention and overflow handling.

Exponential form calculator for standard and scientific notation. Convert numbers to exponential form or back to ordinary notation instantly.

Exponential function calculator for f(x)=a·b^x+c. Evaluate growth or decay with coefficient, base, input value, and vertical shift instantly.

Multiply polynomials visually using the generic rectangle box method. See the full multiplication table and simplified product instantly.

Calculate the Greatest Common Factor (GCF) of two or more integers using the Euclidean algorithm or prime factorization. Shows step-by-step work for learning.

Calculate the GCF and LCM of any set of numbers instantly. Uses the Euclidean algorithm and supports two or more positive integers.

Solve systems of linear equations using Gauss-Jordan elimination. Enter your augmented matrix to get the RREF and exact solution.

Calculate the Gamma function Γ(z) for any real number using the Lanczos approximation. Instant results for factorials, integrals, and special functions.

Calculate XOR (Exclusive OR) for boolean values, binary sequences, and decimal integers with step-by-step explanations and truth tables.

Calculate the y-intercept and slope-intercept equation of a line from slope and point, or from two points. Instant results with the full equation.

Calculate triangle area using base and height, three sides (Heron's formula), or two sides and an angle (SAS). Instant results with formulas shown.

Find the altitude of any triangle from area and base, three side lengths, or two sides and an angle. All three heights returned for the three-sides method.

Check if three side lengths satisfy the triangle inequality theorem and form a valid triangle. Classifies result as equilateral, isosceles, or scalene.

Find the nth triangular number, check if any integer is triangular, or generate a sequence. Uses the formula T(n)=n(n+1)/2 with instant step-by-step results.

Calculate volume, base area, lateral surface area, and total surface area of any triangular prism. Enter three base sides and prism height for instant results.

Calculate what percentage a time duration is of a total, find partial time from a percentage, or reverse-engineer the total time. Instant results.

Calculate the surface area of a torus using major and minor radii. Formula: 4π²Rr. Instant results for rings, tubes, O-rings, and design applications.

Calculate the volume of a torus using major and minor radii. Formula: 2π²Rr². Instant results for engineering, design, and geometry applications.

Calculate the area, perimeter, height, or base of a trapezoid. Enter known values and choose what to find. Instant results with clear formulas.

Find missing triangle angles from two known angles or three side lengths using SSS and AA methods. All angles in degrees with instant results.

Calculate sums of arithmetic sequences, geometric series, harmonic series, and sum of squares instantly. Enter parameters and get results with formulas.

Find the supplementary angle instantly: enter any angle and get its supplement that adds up to 180°. Perfect for geometry homework and design work.

Calculate surface area for cube, sphere, cylinder, and cone. Enter dimensions and get total surface area with the formula applied. Free geometry tool.

Calculate curved surface area, base area, and total surface area of a hemisphere from its radius. Instant results with formulas for geometry and engineering.

Calculate the total surface area of a triangular prism from its three side lengths and prism length. Uses Heron's formula for the base area instantly.

Find the tangent line equation for a circle at any point on its circumference. Returns general and slope-intercept forms with step-by-step results.

Calculate the tensor (outer) product of two vectors instantly. Displays results as a matrix or flattened vector. Free online tool for linear algebra.

Determine if a fraction produces a terminating or repeating decimal. Shows prime factorization of the denominator and the simplified fraction instantly.

Calculate tetrahedron volume from edge length (regular) or base area and height (any shape). Fast, accurate, and free online geometry calculator.

Calculate the Euclidean distance between two points in 3D space using the 3D distance formula. Handles negative coordinates. Free, fast, and accurate.

Subtract proper, improper, or mixed fractions instantly. Finds the common denominator, simplifies, and shows fraction, mixed number, and decimal results.

Subtraction calculator for any two real numbers — integers, decimals, and negatives. Enter minuend and subtrahend to get the difference instantly.

Calculate trig values using sum and difference identities for sin, cos, and tan. Supports degrees and radians with step-by-step formula display.

Find the sum of any arithmetic sequence. Enter first term, common difference, and number of terms for an instant sum, last term, and formula.

Sum of products (dot product) calculator for vectors of any length. Enter comma-separated numbers and get the scalar result with full calculation shown.

Round any number to the nearest thousand instantly. Free online rounding tool for financial estimates, math homework, data analysis, and quick approximations.

Rounding calculator supporting floor, ceiling, half-up, and decimal-place modes. Round numbers to any precision for math, finance, science, and everyday use.

RSA encryption calculator for learning public key cryptography. Generate key pairs, encrypt and decrypt numbers — ideal for number theory study.

Scatter plot calculator for linear regression and Pearson correlation. Enter X and Y data to get slope, intercept, r, and R² — free regression analysis.

Scientific notation calculator to convert numbers to standard form or expand scientific notation to decimals. Handles large and small numbers instantly.

Simplify any radical expression instantly. Enter the radicand and root index to get the fully reduced form with coefficient, perfect for algebra and geometry.

Calculate sine of any angle in degrees or radians instantly. Supports negative angles and values over 360°. Ideal for trigonometry, physics, and engineering.

Compute singular values of any matrix via SVD decomposition. Find rank, condition number, and matrix norms. Ideal for data science and linear algebra.

Calculate slant height, vertical height, or base dimensions for cones and square pyramids using the Pythagorean theorem. Fast and accurate geometry tool.

Calculate slope from two coordinate points or a line equation. Get slope, angle, distance, and line equation. Perfect for algebra and coordinate geometry.

Rational zeros calculator that lists every possible rational root from polynomial coefficients using the Rational Root Theorem, so you can test factors faster.

Rationalize denominator calculator for simple radicals and binomial surds. See the conjugate method and get an equivalent exact fraction fast.

Section formula calculator for internal or external division of directed line segments. Find the exact point from endpoints and ratio values fast.

Reciprocal calculator for integers, decimals, and fractions. Convert any nonzero value to its simplified multiplicative inverse instantly.

Rectangular prism calculator for volume, surface area, space diagonal, and face diagonals. Get every key cuboid measurement from three dimensions fast.

Quaternion calculator for addition, subtraction, multiplication, conjugate, norm, and inverse. Essential for 3D graphics, robotics, and aerospace rotation math.

Queueing theory calculator for M/M/1, M/M/c, M/M/c/K, and M/M/c/N models. Compute utilization, queue length, wait times, and system probabilities instantly.

Quotient calculator that instantly finds the integer quotient and remainder for any division. Supports positive, negative, and large integers with verification.

Radical calculator simplifies square roots, cube roots, and nth roots by factoring out perfect powers. Get simplified radical form and decimal value instantly.

Ratio calculator to solve for a missing value in A:B = C:D proportions or simplify a ratio to lowest terms. Perfect for recipes, maps, and scale problems.

Percentage increase calculator to find percent growth or decline between any two values. Ideal for stock prices, salaries, and website traffic.

Percentage of a percentage calculator for nested discounts, layered fees, and statistical sub-groups. Find what P1% of P2% equals instantly.

Percentage point calculator to measure the arithmetic difference between two percentages. Essential for interest rates, polls, and market share reports.

Perfect cube calculator to check if any integer is a perfect cube, find its cube root, or locate the nearest perfect cubes. Works with negative numbers.

Perfect square calculator to check if any non-negative integer is a perfect square, find its integer square root, or show the nearest perfect squares.

Natural log calculator that computes ln(x) for any positive number. See the result, symbolic equation, and formula side by side — free and instant.

Negative log calculator for pH, surprisal, and custom-base −log_b(x) computations. Supports base 10, base 2, base e, and any positive base ≠ 1.

NOR logic calculator for 2–4 inputs with full truth table generator. Supports binary and Boolean input formats for digital logic design and coursework.

Null space calculator using Gauss-Jordan RREF for matrices up to 4×4. Shows basis vectors, rank, and nullity — essential for linear algebra coursework.

Octagon calculator that computes area, perimeter, apothem, circumradius, and diagonals of any regular octagon from its side length with instant results.

Multiply two binomials using the FOIL method. Enter coefficients to expand (ax+b)(cx+d) and get step-by-step solutions instantly.

Multiply exponents with the same or different bases. Applies the product-of-powers rule automatically and computes the numerical result instantly.

Multiply two fractions and get the fully simplified result. Handles proper and improper fractions with automatic GCD simplification instantly.

Multiply any two polynomials by entering comma-separated coefficients. Get the fully expanded product polynomial with complete calculation instantly.

Multiply radical expressions a√x and b√y and simplify the result. Factors out perfect squares automatically to return the simplest radical form.

Convert decimal numbers to ancient Mayan vigesimal (base-20) notation with dots, bars, and shell symbols, or decode Mayan positions back to decimal.

Mean calculator finds the arithmetic average of any set of numbers. Enter your data to get the mean, sum, and count with the formula shown.

Midpoint calculator finds the exact midpoint of a line segment in 2D or 3D space. Enter two point coordinates for instant results with the midpoint formula.

Mixed number calculator performs addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on mixed fractions. Get simplified results with step-by-step working.

Convert any mixed number to an improper fraction instantly with step-by-step solutions. Enter the whole number, numerator, and denominator for the answer.

Find the equation of a line parallel to any given line through a specified point. Supports slope-intercept, two-point, and standard form — instant results.

Partial fraction decomposition calculator — break rational expressions into simpler fractions. Enter polynomials to get the full expansion instantly.

Partial products calculator breaks multiplication into place value steps. Great for learning multi-digit arithmetic visually with instant results.

Pascal's triangle calculator generates rows of binomial coefficients. Choose row count, specific row, and display format to explore combinatorial patterns.

Pentagon calculator finds area, perimeter, apothem, and diagonal from any one known value — side, apothem, area, or perimeter. Instant results.

Add or subtract two matrices instantly with this free online calculator. Compute element-wise sums and differences for linear algebra.

Multiply any matrix by a scalar value with this free online calculator. Scale every element uniformly for linear algebra and machine learning applications.

Perform matrix addition, subtraction, multiplication, transpose, and determinant in one free online tool. Supports any matrix size for linear algebra problems.

Calculate the determinant of any square matrix online for free. Supports 2×2, 3×3, 4×4, and larger matrices with instant results for linear algebra.

Multiply two matrices of compatible dimensions with this free online calculator. Get the product matrix instantly with automatic dimension validation.

Log calculator for common, natural, binary, and custom-base logarithms. Get instant results and clear examples for any positive input.

Long addition calculator for adding whole numbers with carries, aligned columns, and step-by-step explanations you can follow at a glance.

Long division calculator for whole numbers with quotient, remainder, decimal output, and step-by-step division reasoning for each stage.

Long multiplication calculator with partial products, place-value shifts, and step-by-step working for multiplying whole numbers clearly.

Long subtraction calculator with borrowing, regrouping, aligned columns, and step-by-step explanations for whole-number subtraction.

LCD calculator finds the Least Common Denominator of any set of integers instantly. Essential for adding and subtracting fractions with unlike denominators.

LCM calculator finds the Least Common Multiple of two or more integers using GCF and prime factorization. Essential for fraction arithmetic and scheduling.

Least squares regression line calculator finds the best-fit line, slope, y-intercept, and correlation coefficient for any paired dataset instantly.

LFSR calculator generates pseudo-random binary sequences using Fibonacci or Galois Linear Feedback Shift Registers with custom seed, taps, and iterations.

Line equation calculator finds slope, y-intercept, and line equation in slope-intercept, point-slope, and standard form from any two coordinate points.

Calculate the Lagrange error bound for Taylor polynomial approximations. Instantly find the maximum truncation error with M, n, a, and x.

Calculate the lateral surface area of a trapezoidal prism. Enter bases, non-parallel sides, and prism height for instant results with formula.

Find the latus rectum length for any conic section. Supports parabola (4p), ellipse, and hyperbola (2b²/a) with instant formula results.

Solve any triangle using the law of cosines. Find a missing side (SAS) or a missing angle (SSS) instantly with formula verification.

Solve triangles with the law of sines for AAS, ASA, and SSA cases. Handles the ambiguous SSA case automatically. Get all sides and angles.

Gram-Schmidt calculator converts linearly independent vectors into an orthogonal and orthonormal basis. Handles any dimension and dependent vectors.

Number line inequality calculator that graphs simple and compound inequalities with open/closed circles, shading direction, and interval notation instantly.

Quadratic inequalities calculator: enter a, b, c and sign to get roots, discriminant, vertex, parabola direction, and solution set in interval notation.

Great circle distance calculator using the Haversine formula. Enter two lat/lon coordinates to get surface distance in km, miles, or nautical miles.

Greater than or less than calculator to compare any two numbers — integers, decimals, or negatives — and instantly display the correct symbol >, <, or =.

Generate circle equations in standard and general forms from center and radius. Calculate area and circumference instantly.

Generate 3D sphere equations in standard form from center coordinates and radius with correct sign handling and expanded form.

Calculate area, perimeter, height, inradius, and circumradius of any equilateral triangle from side length using exact formulas.

Find equivalent fractions, simplified form, and decimal value for any fraction. Supports target denominator for specific conversions.

Calculate erf(x), erfc(x), and inverse error functions with high precision for statistics, physics, and engineering applications.

Hadamard product calculator multiplies two vectors element by element, validates matching lengths, and shows results instantly for algebra, data science, and ML

Half-angle calculator finds sin(θ/2), cos(θ/2), and tan(θ/2) from any angle in degrees or radians with automatic or manual quadrant signs.

Harmonic mean calculator computes the reciprocal-based average for positive sequences, showing the mean, count, and reciprocal sum for rates and ratios.

Harmonic number calculator sums H_n term by term, with optional series breakdown and logarithmic approximation for analysis, number theory, and bounds.

Heron's formula calculator finds triangle area from three side lengths, checks triangle validity, and returns area, perimeter, and semi-perimeter.

Expand algebraic expressions using the distributive property a(b+c)=ab+ac. Enter coefficient and terms to get instant step-by-step expansion results.

Apply the quotient rule to divide exponential expressions. Enter bases and exponents to get a^m÷a^n=a^(m-n) with step-by-step solutions and numeric results.

Divide fractions step by step using the keep-change-flip method. Enter two fractions to get simplified results with decimal equivalents and worked solutions.

Divide radical expressions using the quotient property ⁿ√a÷ⁿ√b=ⁿ√(a÷b). Supports square roots, cube roots, and nth roots with simplified step-by-step results.

Test any integer for divisibility by 2–12 or custom divisors. Get instant results with remainders and built-in divisibility rules for every number.

Dot product calculator for 2D and 3D vectors. Computes scalar product, angle between vectors, and magnitudes — essential for linear algebra and physics.

Double angle formula calculator for sin(2x), cos(2x), and tan(2x) in degrees or radians. Instant trig identity results for students and engineers.

Doubling time calculator using exact logarithm formula and Rule of 72. Find how long investments, populations, or any growth rate takes to double.

e calculator for Euler's number, e^x exponential functions, and natural logarithms ln(x). Get precise results with Taylor series and step-by-step solutions.

Egyptian fractions calculator converts any fraction into a sum of distinct unit fractions using the greedy algorithm — with step-by-step greedy decomposition.

Calculate the constant of variation k, find unknown x or y values in direct variation equations y = kx, and explore proportional relationships.

Calculate direction angles, direction cosines, and unit vectors for 2D and 3D vectors. Find the angle a vector makes with each coordinate axis instantly.

Calculate the discriminant b² − 4ac of any quadratic equation ax² + bx + c = 0. Determine root nature — real, repeated, or complex — instantly.

Calculate Euclidean distance between two points in 2D or 3D space using the distance formula. Fast, accurate results with the formula shown.

Calculate the perpendicular distance from a point to a plane in 3D space using the formula |ax₀+by₀+cz₀+d|/√(a²+b²+c²). Step-by-step results.

Convert any decimal to a percentage instantly by multiplying by 100. Handles positive, negative, and decimals greater than 1. Free online converter.

Apply Descartes' Rule of Signs to any polynomial: count coefficient sign changes to predict positive and negative real root counts instantly.

Diagonalize 2×2 and 3×3 matrices online. Finds eigenvalues, eigenvectors, transformation matrix P, and diagonal matrix D with step-by-step output.

Diamond problem calculator finds two numbers from their sum and product. Essential for factoring quadratics and algebra practice with instant results.

Calculate digit sum and digital root of any integer instantly. Useful for divisibility checks, number theory, and checksum verification. Free tool.

Cycloid calculator computes x,y coordinates, one-arch arc length, and area under the curve from radius and parameter. Free parametric curve tool.

Cyclomatic complexity calculator using McCabe's formula M = E − N + 2P or decision count. Measure code complexity and software quality instantly.

Cylindrical coordinates calculator converts Cartesian (x,y,z) to cylindrical (ρ,φ,z) and back. Instant 3D coordinate transformation with formulas.

Decimal calculator performs precise addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on decimal numbers. Get exact results with step-by-step formulas.

Decimal to fraction calculator converts any decimal to its simplified fraction form using GCD. Handles terminating decimals and mixed numbers instantly.

Cosine similarity calculator for vectors in machine learning, NLP, and data analysis. Compute similarity score, dot product, and magnitudes instantly.

Cotangent calculator for angle and coordinate inputs in degrees, radians, or gradians. Get precise cot(x) values with the reciprocal tangent formula instantly.

Coterminal angle calculator for degrees, radians, and gradians. Find multiple positive and negative coterminals and the standard position angle in seconds.

Cramer's Rule calculator for 2×2 and 3×3 linear systems. Solve using determinants with step-by-step results showing D, Dx, Dy, and Dz values instantly.

Cross multiplication calculator to solve proportions a/b = c/x for the unknown x. Perfect for recipe scaling, unit conversion, and ratio problems instantly.

Calculate all n-th roots of any complex number with De Moivre's Theorem. Polar form, principal root, and every conjugate root in one click.

Condense logarithm sums, differences, and scalar multiples into a single logarithm using product, quotient, and power rules. Supports any base.

Compute the condition number of 2x2 or 3x3 matrices in the 1-norm, infinity-norm, or Frobenius norm. Diagnose numerical stability instantly.

Identify circle, ellipse, parabola, or hyperbola from the general equation Ax^2+Bxy+Cy^2+Dx+Ey+F=0 using the discriminant. Step-by-step result.

Generate consecutive integer sequences, find a sequence with a target sum, or analyze a list. Returns sequence, sum, average, and count instantly.

Compute Cholesky decomposition A = LLᵀ for symmetric positive definite matrices. Supports 2×2, 3×3, 4×4 inputs for linear algebra and statistics.

Calculate chord length from radius and central angle, or find radius and angle with the formula c = 2r·sin(θ/2). Free online tool for circle geometry problems.

Calculate circle area, circumference, radius, and diameter from any known measurement. Enter radius, diameter, circumference, or area to get all properties.

Apply circle theorems to solve inscribed angle, central angle, cyclic quadrilateral, and tangent-chord problems. Includes theorem explanations with results.

Calculate circle circumference from radius or diameter using C = 2πr and C = πd. Free online circumference calculator with instant results.

Cofunction calculator finds sin/cos, tan/cot, sec/csc relationships for complementary angles. Explore trigonometric cofunction identities instantly.

Coin rotation paradox calculator shows how many times a rolling coin rotates around a fixed coin. Visualize this surprising geometry result instantly.

Collatz conjecture calculator generates the 3n+1 sequence for any positive integer. Explore steps, max value, and stopping time for this unsolved problem.

Column space calculator finds basis vectors and dimension of a matrix using row reduction. Check if a vector is in the column space with step-by-step solutions.

Comparing fractions calculator determines which fraction is greater using decimal, common denominator, or cross multiplication methods with clear explanations.

Convert binary fractions to decimal and decimal fractions to binary with step-by-step explanations. Supports configurable fractional precision up to 32 bits.

Multiply binary numbers with step-by-step partial products and decimal conversion. Ideal for learning binary arithmetic and digital electronics.

Subtract binary numbers using standard borrowing or two's complement with step-by-step solutions and decimal equivalents. Free online binary arithmetic tool.

Calculate binomial coefficients C(n,k) for combinatorics, probability, and Pascal's triangle. Enter n and k to get the exact combination count with formula.

Perform left shift, logical right shift, and arithmetic right shift on integers. Results shown in binary, decimal, and hexadecimal with instant calculations.

Free bitwise calculator for AND, OR, XOR, NOT, left shift, and right shift. Supports decimal, binary, and hex input with instant multi-format results.

Multiply binomials visually using the box method. See every partial product in a grid and the fully expanded polynomial expression instantly.

Calculate catenary curve sag height, slope, arc length, and tension for hanging cables. Uses the hyperbolic cosine formula with step-by-step results.

Ceiling function calculator finds the smallest integer greater than or equal to x. Handles positive, negative, and decimal inputs with instant results.

Calculate center of mass for point masses in 2D. Enter mass and x,y coordinates, get centroid position using the weighted average formula instantly.

Arc length calculator finds the length of a circle arc from radius and central angle in degrees or radians. Instant results with the formula shown.

Arccos calculator computes the inverse cosine of any value in [-1, 1] in degrees or radians. Set decimal precision for exact results with the arccos formula.

Arcsin calculator finds the inverse sine of values in [-1, 1], returning the angle in degrees or radians. Includes domain hints and the arcsin formula.

Arctan calculator computes the inverse tangent of any real number in degrees or radians. Domain is all real numbers; results in (-90°, 90°) with the formula.

Area calculator for squares, rectangles, circles, triangles, parallelograms, and trapezoids. Enter dimensions and get the correct formula with instant results.

Adjoint matrix calculator for 2×2, 3×3, and 4×4 matrices. Compute the adjugate, determinant, and inverse matrix instantly with step-by-step results.

Boolean AND calculator for binary operations, truth tables, and sequence processing. Explore AND logic gates with instant results and clear explanations.

Angle between two vectors calculator using the dot product formula. Supports 2D and 3D vectors with results in degrees and radians plus vector magnitudes.

Angle calculator for vectors, three-point angles, and coordinate slope angles. Get results in degrees and radians using dot product and arctangent formulas.

Antilog calculator that computes the inverse logarithm for any base including base 10, natural log (e), and base 2. Ideal for pH, decibels, and science.

30-60-90 triangle calculator finds all sides from one known side using the exact 1 : √3 : 2 ratio. Fast, accurate results for geometry and engineering.

45-45-90 triangle calculator finds all sides from one known side using the exact 1 : 1 : √2 ratio. Instant results for geometry, design, and woodworking.

Absolute change calculator computes the difference between any two values. Enter initial and final values to see how much a quantity increased or decreased.

Absolute value calculator finds |x| for any number instantly. Understand distance from zero on the number line with clear formula and worked examples.

Solve absolute value equations |ax+b|=c instantly. Find no solution, one solution, or two solutions with clear step-by-step results.

Solve absolute value inequalities like |ax+b|<c and |ax+b|>c online. Get bounded or unbounded solution sets instantly with correct interval notation.

Add or subtract any two fractions with automatic simplification to lowest terms. Finds the LCD and shows step-by-step solutions for any fraction problem.

Add or subtract polynomial expressions with like terms combined automatically. Get results in simplified standard form for algebra students and professionals.

Calculate the sum of up to four numbers instantly. Supports integers, decimals, and negatives. Shows total, average, and count for quick multi-number addition.